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报表参数主要用于数据过滤,实际业务中,有些过滤条件是可输可不输的,这种过滤条件就需要用到动态参数,也叫可选参数。
报表的动态参数有两种实现方式:
动态 SQL 语句
直接使用 SQL 语句的 OR 子句
动态SQL语句是指数据集的查询语句,就是根据用户是否输入作为查询条件的参数值,动态生成 SQL 语句。
例如:
在对一个销售订单数据表“Demo_销售明细”查询时,如果用户没有输入查询条件,SQL 语句是这样:
select * from Demo_销售明细
如果用户输入了“销售大区”这个过滤条件,SQL 语句就要变成这样:
select * from Demo_销售明细 where 销售大区=@大区参数
实现这种动态 SQL 语句的方法详见 可选查询条件。
表达式形式的动态 SQL 语句,需要设计人员理解IIF函数的用法。
更简捷的方法是在 SQL 语句中的 where 条件中使用 OR 子句,如下图:
这时的 SQL 语句如下:
select * from 销售明细
where(销售大区=@查询参数1 OR @查询参数1='')
其中,where 条件中含有OR子句,其含义是:要么销售大区字段等于用户输入的大区参数的值,要么用户输入的大区参数是一个空的字符串(也就是没输入参数值)。两个条件满足一个即可,这样就可以根据用户是否输入查询条件,决定是显示全部记录还是仅显示部分符合查询条件的记录。
注意
(1)这种方法需要先定义一个【查询参数】,通过{@大区参数} 这样的表达式,绑定报表参数,以传递用户输入的查询条件。
(2)尽管这种方式具有简捷方便的特点,但是仅适用于 where 条件,如果报表需要根据参数的不同,动态决定 from 哪个表,或者动态决定 select 哪些字段,那就必须使用上面的动态 SQL 语句的方法。